Bung Hatta Di Mata Iwan Fals
Oleh : Hasan Achari Harahap
Berbicara tentang lagu tidak hanya bercerita tentang musik saja, karena kekuatan lirik merupakan komponen yang sangat diperhitungkan oleh pencipta lagu itu sendiri. Kaitan antara musik dan lirik dalam sebuah lagu sangat penting karena keduanya saling melengkapi dan membentuk kesatuan yang utuh. Musik dapat memberikan emosi dan suasana yang diinginkan dalam lagu, sementara lirik dapat menyampaikan pesan dan cerita yang ingin disampaikan oleh pencipta lagu.
Dalam dunia musik Indonesia, terdapat satu nama yang hingga saat ini lagu-lagunya masih sering didengar oleh semua kalangan dan usia. Lagu-lagu seperti “Bento”, “Surat untuk Wakil Rakyat”, “Oemar Bakri”, “Siang Seberang Istana”, dan lainnya masih sering didengar sampai sekarang. Virgiawan Liestanto yang lebih dikenal dengan nama Iwan Fals merupakan sang legenda musik Indonesia yang namanya tercatat dalam daftar The Immortals: 25 Artis Indonesia Terbesar Sepanjang Masa versi majalah Rolling Stone Indonesia tahun 2008. Genre lagu dari sang legendaris ini adalah country dan balada yang mengangkat tema-tema kehidupan dan kritik sosial. Kekuatan lirik dalam lagu-lagunya seperti melampaui zaman. Lirik yang sarat dengan makna dibalut dengan musik yang ringan tetapi enak didengar merupakan perpaduan yang belum bisa tergantikan oleh penyanyi tanah air sampai sekarang. Lagu-lagu Iwan Fals terus menghiasi telinga pendengarnya dari zaman kaset hingga era digital, seperti platform Spotify, Anchor, atau YouTube.
Lagu-lagu yang diciptakan oleh Iwan Fals sangat erat kaitannya dengan kondisi yang dirasakannya. Contohnya, lagu yang berjudul “Bung Hatta” dalam album “Sarjana Muda” yang dirilis pada tahun 1981. Lagu tersebut diciptakan saat Iwan Fals menonton berita wafatnya sang proklamator di rumah orang tuanya pada tanggal 14 Maret 1980.
Iwan Fals mengatakan, “Begitu saya mendengar kabar itu habis magrib, saya menonton televisi di rumah orang tua saya. nah, ada kabar Bung Hatta meninggal. Ada sesuatu yang hilang, tidak ada lagi proklamator kita. Saya ambil gitar dan membuat lagu ‘Bung Hatta’.” (Pengakuan Iwan Fals di channel Youtube Iwan Fals Musica yang berjudul “NGALOR NGIDULNYA IWAN FALS – BUNG HATTA – EPS. 10″ pada menit 6:34-7:03).”
Sang legenda musik Indonesia ini mengungkapkan kekagumannya pada sosok proklamator yang berasal dari kota Bukittinggi, Sumatera Barat. Walaupun dalam proses awal penciptaan lagu, Iwan Fals tidak mengetahui biografi dari sosok Wakil Presiden Pertama Republik Indonesia tersebut, ia hanya mengenal Bung Hatta sebagai seorang proklamator yang diketahui dari sekolah.
Jujur dan Sederhana
Jujur dan sederhana. Dua syair dalam lagu “Bung Hatta”, yaitu (1) “Jujur, lugu, dan bijaksana” dan (2) “Terbayang baktimu, terbayang jasamu terbayang jelas jiwa sederhanamu, bernisan bangga, berkafan doa, dari kami yang merindukan orang sepertimu”, menggambarkan sifat sang proklamator yang lahir pada tanggal 12 Agustus 1902 dari keturunan ulama di Sumatera Barat yang jujur dan sederhana. Iwan Fals mengungkapkan dua sifat ini melekat dalam diri Bung Hatta dan tercatat dalam buku-buku sejarah tentang pribadi sang proklamator yang patut diteladani.
Iwan Fals berkata, “Beliau memang sangat-sangat sederhana, bahkan sepatu impiannya saja dia tidak sempat punya, hanya bisa memotong potongan iklan sepatu itu lalu dimasukkan ke dompet sampai beliau meninggal tidak punya sepatu itu dan begitu pula waktu selesai menjadi Wakil Presiden, dia mengundurkan diri, untuk bayar listrik saja perlu dibantu.” (Pengakuan Iwan Fals di channel YouTube Iwan Fals Musica yang berjudul NGALOR NGIDULNYA IWAN FALS – BUNG HATTA – EPS. 10. pada menit 2:00 – 2:36).
Pandangan Iwan Fals ini juga tertuang dalam buku “Untuk Republik: Kisah-Kisah Teladan Kesederhanaan Tokoh Bangsa”, diceritakan bahwa pada pertengahan tahun 1950-an, ketika Bung Hatta sedang membaca koran, dia melihat iklan sepatu kulit Bally yang sangat menarik perhatiannya. Terpikat dengan sepatu tersebut, Bung Hatta kemudian memotong iklan tersebut dengan rapi dan menyimpannya agar dapat memotivasinya untuk menabung uang dan membeli sepatu itu suatu saat nanti. Namun, meskipun telah menjadi Wakil Presiden dan bahkan setelah pensiun, Bung Hatta tidak pernah berhasil mewujudkan impian tersebut karena keterbatasan keuangan. Pada tahun 1980, Bung Hatta meninggal dengan tenang, dan di dalam laci miliknya masih tersimpan potongan iklan sepatu Bally yang tidak pernah berhasil dibelinya karena kurangnya uang.
Begitu juga dengan kisah keluarga Bung Hatta yang kondisi ekonominya semakin memburuk setelah meletakkan jabatan Wakil Presiden pada tahun 1956. Untuk membeli bahan makanan sehari-hari seperti kopi dan gula, serta membayar tagihan listrik, Bung Hatta mengalami kesulitan finansial yang besar. Ia pernah mengatakan bahwa tanpa bantuan dari keluarganya, ia tidak akan mampu membeli apapun dengan uang pensiunnya. Dalam sebuah surat yang ditujukan kepada Gubernur DKI Jakarta, Ali Sadikin, Bung Hatta meminta agar tagihan listriknya dipotong langsung dari uang pensiun yang ia terima setiap bulan. Namun, saat Ali Sadikin melihat tagihan listrik keluarga Hatta yang sangat besar dan uang pensiun yang kecil, ia merasa prihatin dan memutuskan untuk menanggung seluruh biaya listrik dan air leideng keluarga Hatta.
Romantis
Di mata Iwan Fals, Bung Hatta juga merupakan sosok yang romantis. Hal tersebut diungkapkan oleh suami Rosana atau yang akrab disapa Mbak Yos, “Beliau juga seorang yang romantis bukan rokok makan gratis, romantis dalam arti sungguhnya menurut berita-berita cerita-cerita itu, kalau dia mau pergi katanya sama ibu Rahmi istrinya itu, selalu melihat arah matahari kalau mataharinya di kiri dia akan duduk di kiri, kalau mataharinya di sebelah kanan dia akan duduk di sebelah kanan, pokoknya bagaimana istrinya nggak kena panas matahari.
Dan juga sempet, kalau ngak salah saya baca itu membuat masakan apa kue apa, buat istrinya pada saat entah momen apa, dimasakin sama dia, istri tercintanya.” (Pengakuan Iwan Fals di channel youtube Iwan Fals Musica yang berjudul NGALOR NGIDULNYA IWAN FALS- BUNG HATTA – EPS. 10. pada menit 3:30-4:15).
Nasionalis
Iwan Fals juga menuturkan bahwa Bung Hatta seorang yang memiliki jiwa nasionalisme yang tidak diragukan lagi. Iwan Fals berkata, “Kecintaan terhadap Indonesia begitu luar biasa, begitu ada marinir kita yang digantung di Singapura waktu itu, sampai beliau bertekad enggak mau pergi ke Singapura karena itu masalah harga diri katanya. Begitupun dengan kemerdekaan, beliau enggak mau menikah sebelum Indonesia merdeka.” (Pengakuan Iwan Fals di channel youtube Iwan Fals Musica yang berjudul NGALOR NGIDULNYA IWAN FALS- BUNG HATTA – EPS. 10. pada menit 3:59-3:25).
Nasionalisme sosok proklamator Bung Hatta tidak ada tandingannya, Athar (panggilan kecil Bung Hatta) telah memiliki rasa nasionalisme semenjak kecil, sebuah kejadian tepat di depan rumahnya di jalan Soekarno Hatta No.37 kota Bukittinggi, yang sekarang dijadikan Meseum Rumah Kelahiran Bung Hatta telah membuat jiwanya tertanam “Belanda jahat”.
Athar pernah menyaksikan beberapa peristiwa kekejaman kolonial Belanda, yang terkait peristiwa dengan perang Kamang di pertengahan tahun 1908. Salah satu dari peristiwa tersebut terjadi di jembatan dekat rumah kelahirannya. Pada saat itu, sekitar selusin serdadu marsuse bersenjatakan senapan dan bayonet memblokade akses masuk ke kota Bukittinggi, dan memeriksa setiap orang yang ingin masuk atau keluar, terutama pada hari-hari pekan. Athar menyaksikan peristiwa tersebut tidak hanya sekali, tetapi beberapa kali.
Rasa nasionalisme Bung Hatta juga terlihat ketika dirinya di asingkan oleh pemerintah Belanda karena dianggap sebagai salah satu tokoh pergerakan Indonesia yang mengancam pemerintah Belanda yang telah menjajah Indonesia sejak lama. Iwan Fals berkata, “ Oh ya, Bung Hatta juga pernah dibuang di Digul gitu ya, jadi cerita menarik di sana, dia kerja juga disana dengan ada gaji berapa gitu, tapi dia dibuang, penguasa Digul melihat Bung Hatta, Lalu ingin mengajaknya bekerja dengan gaji tiga kali lipat yang dia dapat, tapi ditolak sama Bung Hatta karena dia enggak mau berbersekutu dengan penguasa digul saat itu.” (Pengakuan Iwan Fals di channel youtube Iwan Fals Musica yang berjudul NGALOR NGIDULNYA IWAN FALS – BUNG HATTA – EPS. 10. pada menit 12:31-13:12).
Disiplin dan Cinta Buku
Bung Hatta juga dikenal sebagai sosok yang disiplin dan mempunyai hobi membaca. Kecintaan Bung Hatta kepada buku terlihat ketika dirinya di asingkan ke Boven Digul pada 28 Januari 1935 bersama tokoh PNI baru lainya yaitu Sutan Syahrir dan Muhammad Bondan. Dalam pengasingan tersebut, Bung Hatta turut membawa 16 peti besi yang berisi koleksi buku-buku milik sang proklamator. Buku-buku tersebut juga dibawa oleh Bung Hatta saat dipindahkan dari Boven Digul ke Bandar Niera, Kepulauan Maluku di Desember 1935.
Kecintaan Bung Hatta pada buku juga disoroti oleh sang legenda musik Indonesia, Iwan Fals berkata, “Begitu selesai dari wakil presiden beliau banyak menulis buku dan mengajar, bahkan mendapatkan gelar kehormatan juga dari kampus-kampus, Universitas ternama seperti Gajah Mada dan UI. Sangat cinta buku, pertama dia dapet uang, untuk bisa membeli ruang pendingin apa, pendingin pendingin ruangan gitu, yang pertama dia pasangin ruang pendingin adalah perpustakaannya dan upacara untuk membaca buku juga banyak gitu, tak boleh tidur, cara melipat buku juga harus tidak boleh rusak buku itu”. (Pengakuan Iwan Fals di channel youtube FIwan Fals Musica yang berjudul NGALOR NGIDULNYA IWAN FALS – BUNG HATTA – EPS. 10. pada menit 04:20 -05:10).
Lirik lagu ‘Bung Hatta’ karya Iwan Fals memiliki makna yang dalam, terlebih lagi mengingat sang musisi menciptakannya pada usia 19 tahun. Menurut Iwan Fals, kepribadian sang proklamator adalah teladan bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Ia prihatin dengan jarangnya tokoh bangsa yang memiliki nilai mulia seperti kejujuran dan kesederhanaan. Sebagai musisi yang dikenal dengan lagu-lagu kritik sosial, Iwan Fals memberikan kesempatan bagi generasi penerus bangsa untuk mengenal kembali sosok pahlawan kemerdekaan Indonesia, sang proklamator dan Wakil Presiden Pertama Indonesia, melalui lagu ‘Bung Hatta’. Meskipun lagu ini telah ada selama 42 tahun, namun musik dan liriknya masih relevan dengan kondisi republik Indonesia yang semakin memprihatinkan karena sulitnya menemukan tokoh bangsa yang memiliki kepribadian seperti Bung Hatta.
Daftar Pustaka :
- Hatta, Mohammad. (2002). Mohammad Hatta-Memoir. Jakarta: Yasayan Hatta.
- Basri, Faisal dan Munandar, Haris (2019). Buku untuk Republik: Kisah-kisah Teladan Kesederhanaan Tokoh Bangsa. Jakarta: LRSA Press.
- Fals, Iwan. “NGALOR NGIDULNYA IWAN FALS – BUNG HATTA – EPS. 10” YouTube, diunggah oleh Iwan Fals Musica.
- infobiografi.com. 17 Februari 2023. Biografi dan Profil Lengkap Iwan Fals – Musisi Legendaris Indonesia Diakses pada 04 April 2023, dari https://www.infobiografi.com/biografi-dan-profil-lengkap-iwan-fals-musisi-legendaris-indonesia/
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